The early detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder in school
Keywords:
autism, screening, IDC-11, DSM-5, ASQ-DAT, EDUTEAAbstract
In Veracruz and great part of Mexico, teachers use screening instruments for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) that were not created for their application, but by health personnel. In this article it is described in a simple way what is a screening process using psychometric instruments and we invite you to use those created for teachers with the most current diagnostic criteria. The observation of signs is not enough for the early detection of asd in the school. Teachers must have instruments that allow them to confirm their suspicions in order to detect the risk of asd and thus be able to refer parents to specialists who make a diagnosis. In this article, basic information about the screening process is presented with the asq-dat and edutea instruments that allow to determine the risk of asd from the teachers’ observation of children from 12 months to 11 years of age.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Fifth edition. Washington, D. C., eua: Autor.
Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Cox, A., Baird, G., Charman, T., Swettenham, J., Drew, A., y Doehring, P. (noviembre, 2000). Early identification of autism by the CHecklist for Autism in Toddlers (chat). Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 93(10), 521-525.
Canal, R., García, P., Martín, M. V., Guisuraga, Z., Herráez, M., Guerra, I, Santos, J., Esteban, B., Hernández, A., Zermeño, A., Franco, M., Velarte, M., Rey, F., Fuentes, J., y Posada, M. (2013). Diagnóstico precoz y sistemas de cribado en los trastornos del espectro autista. En F. Alcantud (Coord.), Detección, diagnóstico e intervención precoz en niños con Trastornos del Espectro Autista (pp. 78-125). Madrid, España: Pirámide.
Chlebowski, C., Robins, D. L., Barton, M. L., y Fein, D. (abril, 2013). Large-Scale Use of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Low-Risk Toddlers. Pediatrics, 131(4). doi:10.1542/peds.2012 1525
Fombonne, E., Marcin, C., Manero, A. C., Bruno, R., Diaz, C., Villalobos, M., y Nealy, B. (mayo, 2016). Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Guanajuato, Mexico: The Leon survey. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(5), 1669-1685. doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2696-6
Fountain, C., King M. D., y Bearman, P. S. (junio, 2011). Age of diagnosis for autism: Individual and community factors across 10 birth cohorts. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 65(6), 503-510. doi: 10.1136/jech.2009.104588
Klin, A. (abril, 2018). Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenges, Advances, and the Need for Biomarkers of Relevance to Public Health. Focus, 16(2), 135-142. doi: 10.1176/appi.focus.20170047
Lord, C. (noviembre, 1995). Follow-up of two-year-olds referred for possible autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 36(8), 1365-1382.
Mandell, D. S., Listerud, J., Levy, S. E., y Pinto-Martin, J. A. (diciembre, 2002). Race differences in the age at diagnosis among Medicaid-eligible children with autism. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(12), 1447-1453.
Morales-Hidalgo, P., Hernández-Martínez, C., Voltas, N., y Canals, J. (septiembre-diciembre, 2017). edutea: A dsm-5 teacher screening questionnaire for autism spectrum disorder and social pragmatic communication disorder. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 17(3), 269-281.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (diciembre, 2011). Autism spectrum disorder in under 19s: recognition, referral and diagnosis. Clinical guideline [CG128]. Recuperado de https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg128
Øien, R. A., Schjølberg, S., Volkmar, F. R., Shic, F., Cicchetti, D. V., Nordahl-Hansen, A., … Chawarska, K. (junio, 2018). Clinical Features of Children With Autism Who Passed 18-Month Screening. Pediatrics, 141(6). doi:10.1542/peds.2017-3596
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2018). Clasificación Estadística Internacional de Enfermedades y Problemas Relacionados con la Salud. Undécima Revisión. Recuperado de https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/
Robins, D. L., Fein, D., y Barton, M. (2009). The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F). EUA: Autor.
Schopler, E., Reichler, R. J., DeVellis, R. F., y Daly, K. (marzo, 1980). Toward objective classification of childhood autism: Childhood Autism Rating Scale (cars). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, (10)1, 91-103. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02408436
Torres-López, D., y Lagunes-Córdoba, R. (2018). Autism Screening Questionnaire for Daycare Attendees (asq-dat). eua: Autor.
Valicenti-McDermott, M., Hottinger, K., Seijo, R., y Shulman, L. (septiembre, 2012). Age at diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. The Journal of pediatrics, 161(3), 554-556. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.05.012
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
